Personal Information Quiz
1. - When did you last see a film?
____________________________________________________________
2. - How many times have you been abroad?
____________________________________________________________
3. - What type of books do you like reading?
____________________________________________________________
4. - When were you born?
____________________________________________________________
5. - How long have you been learning English?
____________________________________________________________
6. - What will the weather be like tomorrow?
____________________________________________________________
7. - What were you doing at 7 o'clock yesterday evening?
____________________________________________________________
8. - What are your parents doing?
_____________________________________________________________
9. - Where are your classes taught?
_____________________________________________________________
10. - What are you going to do after this course finishes?
_____________________________________________________________
What are the names of the tenses used in the above questions? Write the number of the sentences on the lines provided.
____Past Continuous
____Present Simple Passive
____Present Perfect
____Future Intent
____Present Perfect Continuous
____Past Simple Passive
____Future Prediction
____Present Simple
____Present Continuous
____Past Simple
MSR/mbs
miércoles, 13 de marzo de 2013
List of tenses in English
How many tenses are there in English?
PRESENT:
1. Simple present with Verb BE:
….Olguita is very happy now that she has a boyfriend
2. Simple present (with ordinary verbs):
….Juan plays soccer
3. Present continuous or progressive:
….Mayra is studying music this semester
4. Present perfect simple:
….Carolina has visited Miami several times
5. Present perfect continuous:
….Jordan has been talking since he entered the classroom.
PAST:
6. Past simple with BE:
….German was unhappy in his last relationship.
7. Past simple (with ordinary verbs):
….Gabriela went to Miami last year.
8. Past continuous:
….Ruth was taking a shower when Mr. Huane called her.
9. Past perfect:
….Miguel Angel had read “The DaVinci Code” twice when he discovered “Angels and Demons”.
10. Past perfect continuous.
….Cinthya had been taking a shower when Harry rang the doorbell of her house.
FUTURE:
11. Future simple with WILL:
….Karla will be in Aruba with Mayra Next Week.
12. Future simple with be going to:
….Angie is going to buy a nice present for Ricardo’s birthday.
13. Future progressive with will:
….Mr. Portocarrero will be going out with Allison tomorrow at 6 pm.
14. Future progressive with be going to:
….Gina is going to be wearing a red dress for her date with Mr. La torre.
15. Future perfect :
….Shain will have married Keyla by the year 2025.
16. Future perfect progressive:
…. By the year 2028, they will have been living in their own house for three years.
MSR/mbs
PRESENT:
1. Simple present with Verb BE:
….Olguita is very happy now that she has a boyfriend
2. Simple present (with ordinary verbs):
….Juan plays soccer
3. Present continuous or progressive:
….Mayra is studying music this semester
4. Present perfect simple:
….Carolina has visited Miami several times
5. Present perfect continuous:
….Jordan has been talking since he entered the classroom.
PAST:
6. Past simple with BE:
….German was unhappy in his last relationship.
7. Past simple (with ordinary verbs):
….Gabriela went to Miami last year.
8. Past continuous:
….Ruth was taking a shower when Mr. Huane called her.
9. Past perfect:
….Miguel Angel had read “The DaVinci Code” twice when he discovered “Angels and Demons”.
10. Past perfect continuous.
….Cinthya had been taking a shower when Harry rang the doorbell of her house.
FUTURE:
11. Future simple with WILL:
….Karla will be in Aruba with Mayra Next Week.
12. Future simple with be going to:
….Angie is going to buy a nice present for Ricardo’s birthday.
13. Future progressive with will:
….Mr. Portocarrero will be going out with Allison tomorrow at 6 pm.
14. Future progressive with be going to:
….Gina is going to be wearing a red dress for her date with Mr. La torre.
15. Future perfect :
….Shain will have married Keyla by the year 2025.
16. Future perfect progressive:
…. By the year 2028, they will have been living in their own house for three years.
MSR/mbs
viernes, 7 de diciembre de 2012
The Black Cat
Dear I09 tudents,
for your Autonomous Learning Project this month you will have to read the following short story three times. The first two times read the story all the way through without using a dictionary. The first time you read you will understand very little. The second time, you will understand a lot more. Finally, the third time you read the story, you will use a dictionary for the most difficult words.,. You will select ten of the most difficult words, write them down on a piece of paper with their meaning. Below each new word, you will write an example sentence. When you have completed writing the new words, thei meaning and the sentences, you will write a composition
(between 120 and 180 words) expressing your opinion about the story. Be careful , it is not a summary of the story what I am asking for. It is your opinion that I want. You will present this piece of paper the day of the ALP presentation and then you will tell your calssmates your opinion.
Miguel Sierra Rivera
The Black Cat
Edgar Allan Poe
For the most wild, yet most homely narrative which I am about to pen, I neither expect nor solicit belief. Mad indeed would I be to expect it, in a case where my very senses reject their own evidence. Yet, mad am I not - and very surely do I not dream. But tomorrow I die, and today I would unburthen my soul. My immediate purpose is to place before the world, plainly, succinctly, and without comment, a series of mere household events. In their consequences, these events have terrified - have tortured - have destroyed me. Yet I will not attempt to expound them. To me, they have presented little but Horror - to many they will seem less terrible than barroques. Hereafter, perhaps, some intellect may be found which will reduce my phantasm to the common-place - some intellect more calm, more logical, and far less excitable than my own, which will perceive, in the circumstances I detail with awe, nothing more than an ordinary succession of very natural causes and effects.
From my infancy I was noted for the docility and humanity of my disposition. My tenderness of heart was even so conspicuous as to make me the jest of my companions. I was especially fond of animals, and was indulged by my parents with a great variety of pets. With these I spent most of my time, and never was so happy as when feeding and caressing them. This peculiarity of character grew with my growth, and in my manhood, I derived from it one of my principal sources of pleasure. To those who have cherished an affection for a faithful and sagacious dog, I need hardly be at the trouble of explaining the nature or the intensity of the gratification thus derivable. There is something in the unselfish and self-sacrificing love of a brute, which goes directly to the heart of him who has had frequent occasion to test the paltry friendship and gossamer fidelity of mere Man.
I married early, and was happy to find in my wife a disposition not uncongenial with my own. Observing my partiality for domestic pets, she lost no opportunity of procuring those of the most agreeable kind. We had birds, gold-fish, a fine dog, rabbits, a small monkey, and a cat.
This latter was a remarkably large and beautiful animal, entirely black, and sagacious to an astonishing degree. In speaking of his intelligence, my wife, who at heart was not a little tinctured with superstition, made frequent allusion to the ancient popular notion, which regarded all black cats as witches in disguise. Not that she was ever serious upon this point - and I mention the matter at all for no better reason than that it happens, just now, to be remembered.
Pluto - this was the cat's name - was my favorite pet and playmate. I alone fed him, and he attended me wherever I went about the house. It was even with difficulty that I could prevent him from following me through the streets.
Our friendship lasted, in this manner, for several years, during which my general temperament and character - through the instrumentality of the Fiend Intemperance - had (I blush to confess it) experienced a radical alteration for the worse. I grew, day by day, more moody, more irritable, more regardless of the feelings of others. I suffered myself to use intemperate language to my wife. At length, I even offered her personal violence. My pets, of course, were made to feel the change in my disposition. I not only neglected, but ill-used them. For Pluto, however, I still retained sufficient regard to restrain me from maltreating him, as I made no scruple of maltreating the rabbits, the monkey, or even the dog, when by accident, or through affection, they came in my way. But my disease grew upon me - for what disease is like Alcohol! - and at length even Pluto, who was now becoming old, and consequently somewhat peevish - even Pluto began to experience the effects of my ill temper.
One night, returning home, much intoxicated, from one of my haunts about town, I fancied that the cat avoided my presence. I seized him; when, in his fright at my violence, he inflicted a slight wound upon my hand with his teeth. The fury of a demon instantly possessed me. I knew myself no longer. My original soul seemed, at once, to take its flight from my body and a more than fiendish malevolence, gin-nurtured, thrilled every fibre of my frame. I took from my waistcoat-pocket a pen-knife, opened it, grasped the poor beast by the throat, and deliberately cut one of its eyes from the socket! I blush, I burn, I shudder, while I pen the damnable atrocity.
When reason returned with the morning - when I had slept off the fumes of the night's debauch - I experienced a sentiment half of horror, half of remorse, for the crime of which I had been guilty; but it was, at best, a feeble and equivocal feeling, and the soul remained untouched. I again plunged into excess, and soon drowned in wine all memory of the deed.
In the meantime the cat slowly recovered. The socket of the lost eye presented, it is true, a frightful appearance, but he no longer appeared to suffer any pain. He went about the house as usual, but, as might be expected, fled in extreme terror at my approach. I had so much of my old heart left, as to be at first grieved by this evident dislike on the part of a creature which had once so loved me. But this feeling soon gave place to irritation. And then came, as if to my final and irrevocable overthrow, the spirit of PERVERSENESS. Of this spirit philosophy takes no account. Yet I am not more sure that my soul lives, than I am that perverseness is one of the primitive impulses of the human heart - one of the indivisible primary faculties, or sentiments, which give direction to the character of Man. Who has not, a hundred times, found himself committing a vile or a silly action, for no other reason than because he knows he should not? Have we not a perpetual inclination, in the teeth of our best judgment, to violate that which is Law, merely because we understand it to be such? This spirit of perverseness, I say, came to my final overthrow. It was this unfathomable longing of the soul to vex itself - to offer violence to its own nature - to do wrong for the wrong's sake only - that urged me to continue and finally to consummate the injury I had inflicted upon the unoffending brute. One morning, in cool blood, I slipped a noose about its neck and hung it to the limb of a tree; - hung it with the tears streaming from my eyes, and with the bitterest remorse at my heart; - hung it because I knew that it had loved me, and because I felt it had given me no reason of offence; - hung it because I knew that in so doing I was committing a sin - a deadly sin that would so jeopardize my immortal soul as to place it - if such a thing wore possible - even beyond the reach of the infinite mercy of the Most Merciful and Most Terrible God.
On the night of the day on which this cruel deed was done, I was aroused from sleep by the cry of fire. The curtains of my bed were in flames. The whole house was blazing. It was with great difficulty that my wife, a servant, and myself, made our escape from the conflagration. The destruction was complete. My entire worldly wealth was swallowed up, and I resigned myself thenceforward to despair.
I am above the weakness of seeking to establish a sequence of cause and effect, between the disaster and the atrocity. But I am detailing a chain of facts - and wish not to leave even a possible link imperfect. On the day succeeding the fire, I visited the ruins. The walls, with one exception, had fallen in. This exception was found in a compartment wall, not very thick, which stood about the middle of the house, and against which had rested the head of my bed. The plastering had here, in great measure, resisted the action of the fire - a fact which I attributed to its having been recently spread. About this wall a dense crowd were collected, and many persons seemed to be examining a particular portion of it with very minute and eager attention. The words "strange!" "singular!" and other similar expressions, excited my curiosity. I approached and saw, as if graven in bas relief upon the white surface, the figure of a gigantic cat. The impression was given with an accuracy truly marvellous. There was a rope about the animal's neck.
When I first beheld this apparition - for I could scarcely regard it as less - my wonder and my terror were extreme. But at length reflection came to my aid. The cat, I remembered, had been hung in a garden adjacent to the house. Upon the alarm of fire, this garden had been immediately filled by the crowd - by some one of whom the animal must have been cut from the tree and thrown, through an open window, into my chamber. This had probably been done with the view of arousing me from sleep. The falling of other walls had compressed the victim of my cruelty into the substance of the freshly-spread plaster; the lime of which, with the flames, and the ammonia from the carcass, had then accomplished the portraiture as I saw it.
Although I thus readily accounted to my reason, if not altogether to my conscience, for the startling fact just detailed, it did not the less fail to make a deep impression upon my fancy. For months I could not rid myself of the phantasm of the cat; and, during this period, there came back into my spirit a half-sentiment that seemed, but was not, remorse. I went so far as to regret the loss of the animal, and to look about me, among the vile haunts which I now habitually frequented, for another pet of the same species, and of somewhat similar appearance, with which to supply its place.
One night as I sat, half stupified, in a den of more than infamy, my attention was suddenly drawn to some black object, reposing upon the head of one of the immense hogsheads of Gin, or of Rum, which constituted the chief furniture of the apartment. I had been looking steadily at the top of this hogshead for some minutes, and what now caused me surprise was the fact that I had not sooner perceived the object thereupon. I approached it, and touched it with my hand. It was a black cat - a very large one - fully as large as Pluto, and closely resembling him in every respect but one. Pluto had not a white hair upon any portion of his body; but this cat had a large, although indefinite splotch of white, covering nearly the whole region of the breast. Upon my touching him, he immediately arose, purred loudly, rubbed against my hand, and appeared delighted with my notice. This, then, was the very creature of which I was in search. I at once offered to purchase it of the landlord; but this person made no claim to it - knew nothing of it - had never seen it before.
I continued my caresses, and, when I prepared to go home, the animal evinced a disposition to accompany me. I permitted it to do so; occasionally stooping and patting it as I proceeded. When it reached the house it domesticated itself at once, and became immediately a great favorite with my wife.
For my own part, I soon found a dislike to it arising within me. This was just the reverse of what I had anticipated; but - I know not how or why it was - its evident fondness for myself rather disgusted and annoyed. By slow degrees, these feelings of disgust and annoyance rose into the bitterness of hatred. I avoided the creature; a certain sense of shame, and the remembrance of my former deed of cruelty, preventing me from physically abusing it. I did not, for some weeks, strike, or otherwise violently ill use it; but gradually - very gradually - I came to look upon it with unutterable loathing, and to flee silently from its odious presence, as from the breath of a pestilence.
What added, no doubt, to my hatred of the beast, was the discovery, on the morning after I brought it home, that, like Pluto, it also had been deprived of one of its eyes. This circumstance, however, only endeared it to my wife, who, as I have already said, possessed, in a high degree, that humanity of feeling which had once been my distinguishing trait, and the source of many of my simplest and purest pleasures.
With my aversion to this cat, however, its partiality for myself seemed to increase. It followed my footsteps with a pertinacity which it would be difficult to make the reader comprehend. Whenever I sat, it would crouch beneath my chair, or spring upon my knees, covering me with its loathsome caresses. If I arose to walk it would get between my feet and thus nearly throw me down, or, fastening its long and sharp claws in my dress, clamber, in this manner, to my breast. At such times, although I longed to destroy it with a blow, I was yet withheld from so doing, partly by a memory of my former crime, but chiefly - let me confess it at once - by absolute dread of the beast.
This dread was not exactly a dread of physical evil - and yet I should be at a loss how otherwise to define it. I am almost ashamed to own - yes, even in this felon's cell, I am almost ashamed to own - that the terror and horror with which the animal inspired me, had been heightened by one of the merest chimaeras it would be possible to conceive. My wife had called my attention, more than once, to the character of the mark of white hair, of which I have spoken, and which constituted the sole visible difference between the strange beast and the one I had destroyed. The reader will remember that this mark, although large, had been originally very indefinite; but, by slow degrees - degrees nearly imperceptible, and which for a long time my Reason struggled to reject as fanciful - it had, at length, assumed a rigorous distinctness of outline. It was now the representation of an object that I shudder to name - and for this, above all, I loathed, and dreaded, and would have rid myself of the monster had I dared - it was now, I say, the image of a hideous - of a ghastly thing - of the GALLOWS! - oh, mournful and terrible engine of Horror and of Crime - of Agony and of Death!
And now was I indeed wretched beyond the wretchedness of mere Humanity. And a brute beast - whose fellow I had contemptuously destroyed - a brute beast to work out for me - for me a man, fashioned in the image of the High God - so much of insufferable wo! Alas! neither by day nor by night knew I the blessing of Rest any more! During the former the creature left me no moment alone; and, in the latter, I started, hourly, from dreams of unutterable fear, to find the hot breath of the thing upon my face, and its vast weight - an incarnate Night-Mare that I had no power to shake off - incumbent eternally upon my heart!
Beneath the pressure of torments such as these, the feeble remnant of the good within me succumbed. Evil thoughts became my sole intimates - the darkest and most evil of thoughts. The moodiness of my usual temper increased to hatred of all things and of all mankind; while, from the sudden, frequent, and ungovernable outbursts of a fury to which I now blindly abandoned myself, my uncomplaining wife, alas! was the most usual and the most patient of sufferers.
One day she accompanied me, upon some household errand, into the cellar of the old building which our poverty compelled us to inhabit. The cat followed me down the steep stairs, and, nearly throwing me headlong, exasperated me to madness. Uplifting an axe, and forgetting, in my wrath, the childish dread which had hitherto stayed my hand, I aimed a blow at the animal which, of course, would have proved instantly fatal had it descended as I wished. But this blow was arrested by the hand of my wife. Goaded, by the interference, into a rage more than demoniacal, I withdrew my arm from her grasp and buried the axe in her brain. She fell dead upon the spot, without a groan.
This hideous murder accomplished, I set myself forthwith, and with entire deliberation, to the task of concealing the body. I knew that I could not remove it from the house, either by day or by night, without the risk of being observed by the neighbors. Many projects entered my mind. At one period I thought of cutting the corpse into minute fragments, and destroying them by fire. At another, I resolved to dig a grave for it in the floor of the cellar. Again, I deliberated about casting it in the well in the yard - about packing it in a box, as if merchandize, with the usual arrangements, and so getting a porter to take it from the house. Finally I hit upon what I considered a far better expedient than either of these. I determined to wall it up in the cellar - as the monks of the middle ages are recorded to have walled up their victims.
For a purpose such as this the cellar was well adapted. Its walls were loosely constructed, and had lately been plastered throughout with a rough plaster, which the dampness of the atmosphere had prevented from hardening. Moreover, in one of the walls was a projection, caused by a false chimney, or fireplace, that had been filled up, and made to resemble the red of the cellar. I made no doubt that I could readily displace the bricks at this point, insert the corpse, and wall the whole up as before, so that no eye could detect any thing suspicious. And in this calculation I was not deceived. By means of a crow-bar I easily dislodged the bricks, and, having carefully deposited the body against the inner wall, I propped it in that position, while, with little trouble, I re-laid the whole structure as it originally stood. Having procured mortar, sand, and hair, with every possible precaution, I prepared a plaster which could not be distinguished from the old, and with this I very carefully went over the new brickwork. When I had finished, I felt satisfied that all was right. The wall did not present the slightest appearance of having been disturbed. The rubbish on the floor was picked up with the minutest care. I looked around triumphantly, and said to myself - "Here at least, then, my labor has not been in vain."
My next step was to look for the beast which had been the cause of so much wretchedness; for I had, at length, firmly resolved to put it to death. Had I been able to meet with it, at the moment, there could have been no doubt of its fate; but it appeared that the crafty animal had been alarmed at the violence of my previous anger, and forebore to present itself in my present mood. It is impossible to describe, or to imagine, the deep, the blissful sense of relief which the absence of the detested creature occasioned in my bosom. It did not make its appearance during the night - and thus for one night at least, since its introduction into the house, I soundly and tranquilly slept; aye, slept even with the burden of murder upon my soul!
The second and the third day passed, and still my tormentor came not. Once again I breathed as a freeman. The monster, in terror, had fled the premises forever! I should behold it no more! My happiness was supreme! The guilt of my dark deed disturbed me but little. Some few inquiries had been made, but these had been readily answered. Even a search had been instituted - but of course nothing was to be discovered. I looked upon my future felicity as secured.
Upon the fourth day of the assassination, a party of the police came, very unexpectedly, into the house, and proceeded again to make rigorous investigation of the premises. Secure, however, in the inscrutability of my place of concealment, I felt no embarrassment whatever. The officers bade me accompany them in their search. They left no nook or corner unexplored. At length, for the third or fourth time, they descended into the cellar. I quivered not in a muscle. My heart beat calmly as that of one who slumbers in innocence. I walked the cellar from end to end. I folded my arms upon my bosom, and roamed easily to and fro. The police were thoroughly satisfied and prepared to depart. The glee at my heart was too strong to be restrained. I burned to say if but one word, by way of triumph, and to render doubly sure their assurance of my guiltlessness.
"Gentlemen," I said at last, as the party ascended the steps, "I delight to have allayed your suspicions. I wish you all health, and a little more courtesy. By the bye, gentlemen, this - this is a very well constructed house." [In the rabid desire to say something easily, I scarcely knew what I uttered at all.] - "I may say an excellently well constructed house. These walls are you going, gentlemen? - these walls are solidly put together;" and here, through the mere phrenzy of bravado, I rapped heavily, with a cane which I held in my hand, upon that very portion of the brick-work behind which stood the corpse of the wife of my bosom.
But may God shield and deliver me from the fangs of the Arch-Fiend! No sooner had the reverberation of my blows sunk into silence, than I was answered by a voice from within the tomb! - by a cry, at first muffled and broken, like the sobbing of a child, and then quickly swelling into one long, loud, and continuous scream, utterly anomalous and inhuman - a howl - a wailing shriek, half of horror and half of triumph, such as might have arisen only out of hell, conjointly from the throats of the dammed in their agony and of the demons that exult in the damnation.
Of my own thoughts it is folly to speak. Swooning, I staggered to the opposite wall. For one instant the party upon the stairs remained motionless, through extremity of terror and of awe. In the next, a dozen stout arms were toiling at the wall. It fell bodily. The corpse, already greatly decayed and clotted with gore, stood erect before the eyes of the spectators. Upon its head, with red extended mouth and solitary eye of fire, sat the hideous beast whose craft had seduced me into murder, and whose informing voice had consigned me to the hangman. I had walled the monster up within the tomb!
Copyright: this story is in the public domain and not protected by copyright.
for your Autonomous Learning Project this month you will have to read the following short story three times. The first two times read the story all the way through without using a dictionary. The first time you read you will understand very little. The second time, you will understand a lot more. Finally, the third time you read the story, you will use a dictionary for the most difficult words.,. You will select ten of the most difficult words, write them down on a piece of paper with their meaning. Below each new word, you will write an example sentence. When you have completed writing the new words, thei meaning and the sentences, you will write a composition
(between 120 and 180 words) expressing your opinion about the story. Be careful , it is not a summary of the story what I am asking for. It is your opinion that I want. You will present this piece of paper the day of the ALP presentation and then you will tell your calssmates your opinion.
Miguel Sierra Rivera
The Black Cat
Edgar Allan Poe
For the most wild, yet most homely narrative which I am about to pen, I neither expect nor solicit belief. Mad indeed would I be to expect it, in a case where my very senses reject their own evidence. Yet, mad am I not - and very surely do I not dream. But tomorrow I die, and today I would unburthen my soul. My immediate purpose is to place before the world, plainly, succinctly, and without comment, a series of mere household events. In their consequences, these events have terrified - have tortured - have destroyed me. Yet I will not attempt to expound them. To me, they have presented little but Horror - to many they will seem less terrible than barroques. Hereafter, perhaps, some intellect may be found which will reduce my phantasm to the common-place - some intellect more calm, more logical, and far less excitable than my own, which will perceive, in the circumstances I detail with awe, nothing more than an ordinary succession of very natural causes and effects.
From my infancy I was noted for the docility and humanity of my disposition. My tenderness of heart was even so conspicuous as to make me the jest of my companions. I was especially fond of animals, and was indulged by my parents with a great variety of pets. With these I spent most of my time, and never was so happy as when feeding and caressing them. This peculiarity of character grew with my growth, and in my manhood, I derived from it one of my principal sources of pleasure. To those who have cherished an affection for a faithful and sagacious dog, I need hardly be at the trouble of explaining the nature or the intensity of the gratification thus derivable. There is something in the unselfish and self-sacrificing love of a brute, which goes directly to the heart of him who has had frequent occasion to test the paltry friendship and gossamer fidelity of mere Man.
I married early, and was happy to find in my wife a disposition not uncongenial with my own. Observing my partiality for domestic pets, she lost no opportunity of procuring those of the most agreeable kind. We had birds, gold-fish, a fine dog, rabbits, a small monkey, and a cat.
This latter was a remarkably large and beautiful animal, entirely black, and sagacious to an astonishing degree. In speaking of his intelligence, my wife, who at heart was not a little tinctured with superstition, made frequent allusion to the ancient popular notion, which regarded all black cats as witches in disguise. Not that she was ever serious upon this point - and I mention the matter at all for no better reason than that it happens, just now, to be remembered.
Pluto - this was the cat's name - was my favorite pet and playmate. I alone fed him, and he attended me wherever I went about the house. It was even with difficulty that I could prevent him from following me through the streets.
Our friendship lasted, in this manner, for several years, during which my general temperament and character - through the instrumentality of the Fiend Intemperance - had (I blush to confess it) experienced a radical alteration for the worse. I grew, day by day, more moody, more irritable, more regardless of the feelings of others. I suffered myself to use intemperate language to my wife. At length, I even offered her personal violence. My pets, of course, were made to feel the change in my disposition. I not only neglected, but ill-used them. For Pluto, however, I still retained sufficient regard to restrain me from maltreating him, as I made no scruple of maltreating the rabbits, the monkey, or even the dog, when by accident, or through affection, they came in my way. But my disease grew upon me - for what disease is like Alcohol! - and at length even Pluto, who was now becoming old, and consequently somewhat peevish - even Pluto began to experience the effects of my ill temper.
One night, returning home, much intoxicated, from one of my haunts about town, I fancied that the cat avoided my presence. I seized him; when, in his fright at my violence, he inflicted a slight wound upon my hand with his teeth. The fury of a demon instantly possessed me. I knew myself no longer. My original soul seemed, at once, to take its flight from my body and a more than fiendish malevolence, gin-nurtured, thrilled every fibre of my frame. I took from my waistcoat-pocket a pen-knife, opened it, grasped the poor beast by the throat, and deliberately cut one of its eyes from the socket! I blush, I burn, I shudder, while I pen the damnable atrocity.
When reason returned with the morning - when I had slept off the fumes of the night's debauch - I experienced a sentiment half of horror, half of remorse, for the crime of which I had been guilty; but it was, at best, a feeble and equivocal feeling, and the soul remained untouched. I again plunged into excess, and soon drowned in wine all memory of the deed.
In the meantime the cat slowly recovered. The socket of the lost eye presented, it is true, a frightful appearance, but he no longer appeared to suffer any pain. He went about the house as usual, but, as might be expected, fled in extreme terror at my approach. I had so much of my old heart left, as to be at first grieved by this evident dislike on the part of a creature which had once so loved me. But this feeling soon gave place to irritation. And then came, as if to my final and irrevocable overthrow, the spirit of PERVERSENESS. Of this spirit philosophy takes no account. Yet I am not more sure that my soul lives, than I am that perverseness is one of the primitive impulses of the human heart - one of the indivisible primary faculties, or sentiments, which give direction to the character of Man. Who has not, a hundred times, found himself committing a vile or a silly action, for no other reason than because he knows he should not? Have we not a perpetual inclination, in the teeth of our best judgment, to violate that which is Law, merely because we understand it to be such? This spirit of perverseness, I say, came to my final overthrow. It was this unfathomable longing of the soul to vex itself - to offer violence to its own nature - to do wrong for the wrong's sake only - that urged me to continue and finally to consummate the injury I had inflicted upon the unoffending brute. One morning, in cool blood, I slipped a noose about its neck and hung it to the limb of a tree; - hung it with the tears streaming from my eyes, and with the bitterest remorse at my heart; - hung it because I knew that it had loved me, and because I felt it had given me no reason of offence; - hung it because I knew that in so doing I was committing a sin - a deadly sin that would so jeopardize my immortal soul as to place it - if such a thing wore possible - even beyond the reach of the infinite mercy of the Most Merciful and Most Terrible God.
On the night of the day on which this cruel deed was done, I was aroused from sleep by the cry of fire. The curtains of my bed were in flames. The whole house was blazing. It was with great difficulty that my wife, a servant, and myself, made our escape from the conflagration. The destruction was complete. My entire worldly wealth was swallowed up, and I resigned myself thenceforward to despair.
I am above the weakness of seeking to establish a sequence of cause and effect, between the disaster and the atrocity. But I am detailing a chain of facts - and wish not to leave even a possible link imperfect. On the day succeeding the fire, I visited the ruins. The walls, with one exception, had fallen in. This exception was found in a compartment wall, not very thick, which stood about the middle of the house, and against which had rested the head of my bed. The plastering had here, in great measure, resisted the action of the fire - a fact which I attributed to its having been recently spread. About this wall a dense crowd were collected, and many persons seemed to be examining a particular portion of it with very minute and eager attention. The words "strange!" "singular!" and other similar expressions, excited my curiosity. I approached and saw, as if graven in bas relief upon the white surface, the figure of a gigantic cat. The impression was given with an accuracy truly marvellous. There was a rope about the animal's neck.
When I first beheld this apparition - for I could scarcely regard it as less - my wonder and my terror were extreme. But at length reflection came to my aid. The cat, I remembered, had been hung in a garden adjacent to the house. Upon the alarm of fire, this garden had been immediately filled by the crowd - by some one of whom the animal must have been cut from the tree and thrown, through an open window, into my chamber. This had probably been done with the view of arousing me from sleep. The falling of other walls had compressed the victim of my cruelty into the substance of the freshly-spread plaster; the lime of which, with the flames, and the ammonia from the carcass, had then accomplished the portraiture as I saw it.
Although I thus readily accounted to my reason, if not altogether to my conscience, for the startling fact just detailed, it did not the less fail to make a deep impression upon my fancy. For months I could not rid myself of the phantasm of the cat; and, during this period, there came back into my spirit a half-sentiment that seemed, but was not, remorse. I went so far as to regret the loss of the animal, and to look about me, among the vile haunts which I now habitually frequented, for another pet of the same species, and of somewhat similar appearance, with which to supply its place.
One night as I sat, half stupified, in a den of more than infamy, my attention was suddenly drawn to some black object, reposing upon the head of one of the immense hogsheads of Gin, or of Rum, which constituted the chief furniture of the apartment. I had been looking steadily at the top of this hogshead for some minutes, and what now caused me surprise was the fact that I had not sooner perceived the object thereupon. I approached it, and touched it with my hand. It was a black cat - a very large one - fully as large as Pluto, and closely resembling him in every respect but one. Pluto had not a white hair upon any portion of his body; but this cat had a large, although indefinite splotch of white, covering nearly the whole region of the breast. Upon my touching him, he immediately arose, purred loudly, rubbed against my hand, and appeared delighted with my notice. This, then, was the very creature of which I was in search. I at once offered to purchase it of the landlord; but this person made no claim to it - knew nothing of it - had never seen it before.
I continued my caresses, and, when I prepared to go home, the animal evinced a disposition to accompany me. I permitted it to do so; occasionally stooping and patting it as I proceeded. When it reached the house it domesticated itself at once, and became immediately a great favorite with my wife.
For my own part, I soon found a dislike to it arising within me. This was just the reverse of what I had anticipated; but - I know not how or why it was - its evident fondness for myself rather disgusted and annoyed. By slow degrees, these feelings of disgust and annoyance rose into the bitterness of hatred. I avoided the creature; a certain sense of shame, and the remembrance of my former deed of cruelty, preventing me from physically abusing it. I did not, for some weeks, strike, or otherwise violently ill use it; but gradually - very gradually - I came to look upon it with unutterable loathing, and to flee silently from its odious presence, as from the breath of a pestilence.
What added, no doubt, to my hatred of the beast, was the discovery, on the morning after I brought it home, that, like Pluto, it also had been deprived of one of its eyes. This circumstance, however, only endeared it to my wife, who, as I have already said, possessed, in a high degree, that humanity of feeling which had once been my distinguishing trait, and the source of many of my simplest and purest pleasures.
With my aversion to this cat, however, its partiality for myself seemed to increase. It followed my footsteps with a pertinacity which it would be difficult to make the reader comprehend. Whenever I sat, it would crouch beneath my chair, or spring upon my knees, covering me with its loathsome caresses. If I arose to walk it would get between my feet and thus nearly throw me down, or, fastening its long and sharp claws in my dress, clamber, in this manner, to my breast. At such times, although I longed to destroy it with a blow, I was yet withheld from so doing, partly by a memory of my former crime, but chiefly - let me confess it at once - by absolute dread of the beast.
This dread was not exactly a dread of physical evil - and yet I should be at a loss how otherwise to define it. I am almost ashamed to own - yes, even in this felon's cell, I am almost ashamed to own - that the terror and horror with which the animal inspired me, had been heightened by one of the merest chimaeras it would be possible to conceive. My wife had called my attention, more than once, to the character of the mark of white hair, of which I have spoken, and which constituted the sole visible difference between the strange beast and the one I had destroyed. The reader will remember that this mark, although large, had been originally very indefinite; but, by slow degrees - degrees nearly imperceptible, and which for a long time my Reason struggled to reject as fanciful - it had, at length, assumed a rigorous distinctness of outline. It was now the representation of an object that I shudder to name - and for this, above all, I loathed, and dreaded, and would have rid myself of the monster had I dared - it was now, I say, the image of a hideous - of a ghastly thing - of the GALLOWS! - oh, mournful and terrible engine of Horror and of Crime - of Agony and of Death!
And now was I indeed wretched beyond the wretchedness of mere Humanity. And a brute beast - whose fellow I had contemptuously destroyed - a brute beast to work out for me - for me a man, fashioned in the image of the High God - so much of insufferable wo! Alas! neither by day nor by night knew I the blessing of Rest any more! During the former the creature left me no moment alone; and, in the latter, I started, hourly, from dreams of unutterable fear, to find the hot breath of the thing upon my face, and its vast weight - an incarnate Night-Mare that I had no power to shake off - incumbent eternally upon my heart!
Beneath the pressure of torments such as these, the feeble remnant of the good within me succumbed. Evil thoughts became my sole intimates - the darkest and most evil of thoughts. The moodiness of my usual temper increased to hatred of all things and of all mankind; while, from the sudden, frequent, and ungovernable outbursts of a fury to which I now blindly abandoned myself, my uncomplaining wife, alas! was the most usual and the most patient of sufferers.
One day she accompanied me, upon some household errand, into the cellar of the old building which our poverty compelled us to inhabit. The cat followed me down the steep stairs, and, nearly throwing me headlong, exasperated me to madness. Uplifting an axe, and forgetting, in my wrath, the childish dread which had hitherto stayed my hand, I aimed a blow at the animal which, of course, would have proved instantly fatal had it descended as I wished. But this blow was arrested by the hand of my wife. Goaded, by the interference, into a rage more than demoniacal, I withdrew my arm from her grasp and buried the axe in her brain. She fell dead upon the spot, without a groan.
This hideous murder accomplished, I set myself forthwith, and with entire deliberation, to the task of concealing the body. I knew that I could not remove it from the house, either by day or by night, without the risk of being observed by the neighbors. Many projects entered my mind. At one period I thought of cutting the corpse into minute fragments, and destroying them by fire. At another, I resolved to dig a grave for it in the floor of the cellar. Again, I deliberated about casting it in the well in the yard - about packing it in a box, as if merchandize, with the usual arrangements, and so getting a porter to take it from the house. Finally I hit upon what I considered a far better expedient than either of these. I determined to wall it up in the cellar - as the monks of the middle ages are recorded to have walled up their victims.
For a purpose such as this the cellar was well adapted. Its walls were loosely constructed, and had lately been plastered throughout with a rough plaster, which the dampness of the atmosphere had prevented from hardening. Moreover, in one of the walls was a projection, caused by a false chimney, or fireplace, that had been filled up, and made to resemble the red of the cellar. I made no doubt that I could readily displace the bricks at this point, insert the corpse, and wall the whole up as before, so that no eye could detect any thing suspicious. And in this calculation I was not deceived. By means of a crow-bar I easily dislodged the bricks, and, having carefully deposited the body against the inner wall, I propped it in that position, while, with little trouble, I re-laid the whole structure as it originally stood. Having procured mortar, sand, and hair, with every possible precaution, I prepared a plaster which could not be distinguished from the old, and with this I very carefully went over the new brickwork. When I had finished, I felt satisfied that all was right. The wall did not present the slightest appearance of having been disturbed. The rubbish on the floor was picked up with the minutest care. I looked around triumphantly, and said to myself - "Here at least, then, my labor has not been in vain."
My next step was to look for the beast which had been the cause of so much wretchedness; for I had, at length, firmly resolved to put it to death. Had I been able to meet with it, at the moment, there could have been no doubt of its fate; but it appeared that the crafty animal had been alarmed at the violence of my previous anger, and forebore to present itself in my present mood. It is impossible to describe, or to imagine, the deep, the blissful sense of relief which the absence of the detested creature occasioned in my bosom. It did not make its appearance during the night - and thus for one night at least, since its introduction into the house, I soundly and tranquilly slept; aye, slept even with the burden of murder upon my soul!
The second and the third day passed, and still my tormentor came not. Once again I breathed as a freeman. The monster, in terror, had fled the premises forever! I should behold it no more! My happiness was supreme! The guilt of my dark deed disturbed me but little. Some few inquiries had been made, but these had been readily answered. Even a search had been instituted - but of course nothing was to be discovered. I looked upon my future felicity as secured.
Upon the fourth day of the assassination, a party of the police came, very unexpectedly, into the house, and proceeded again to make rigorous investigation of the premises. Secure, however, in the inscrutability of my place of concealment, I felt no embarrassment whatever. The officers bade me accompany them in their search. They left no nook or corner unexplored. At length, for the third or fourth time, they descended into the cellar. I quivered not in a muscle. My heart beat calmly as that of one who slumbers in innocence. I walked the cellar from end to end. I folded my arms upon my bosom, and roamed easily to and fro. The police were thoroughly satisfied and prepared to depart. The glee at my heart was too strong to be restrained. I burned to say if but one word, by way of triumph, and to render doubly sure their assurance of my guiltlessness.
"Gentlemen," I said at last, as the party ascended the steps, "I delight to have allayed your suspicions. I wish you all health, and a little more courtesy. By the bye, gentlemen, this - this is a very well constructed house." [In the rabid desire to say something easily, I scarcely knew what I uttered at all.] - "I may say an excellently well constructed house. These walls are you going, gentlemen? - these walls are solidly put together;" and here, through the mere phrenzy of bravado, I rapped heavily, with a cane which I held in my hand, upon that very portion of the brick-work behind which stood the corpse of the wife of my bosom.
But may God shield and deliver me from the fangs of the Arch-Fiend! No sooner had the reverberation of my blows sunk into silence, than I was answered by a voice from within the tomb! - by a cry, at first muffled and broken, like the sobbing of a child, and then quickly swelling into one long, loud, and continuous scream, utterly anomalous and inhuman - a howl - a wailing shriek, half of horror and half of triumph, such as might have arisen only out of hell, conjointly from the throats of the dammed in their agony and of the demons that exult in the damnation.
Of my own thoughts it is folly to speak. Swooning, I staggered to the opposite wall. For one instant the party upon the stairs remained motionless, through extremity of terror and of awe. In the next, a dozen stout arms were toiling at the wall. It fell bodily. The corpse, already greatly decayed and clotted with gore, stood erect before the eyes of the spectators. Upon its head, with red extended mouth and solitary eye of fire, sat the hideous beast whose craft had seduced me into murder, and whose informing voice had consigned me to the hangman. I had walled the monster up within the tomb!
Copyright: this story is in the public domain and not protected by copyright.
miércoles, 12 de septiembre de 2012
How to write a formal letter
HOW TO WRITE A FORMAL LETTER
The Salutation
• Dear Personnel Director, ( If this is the title)
• Dear Sir or Madam: (use if you don't know who you are writing to)
• Dear Dr, Mr., Mrs., Miss or Ms Smith: (use if you know who you are writing to, and have a formal relationship with
– VERY IMPORTANT use Ms for women unless asked to use Mrs. or Miss)
• Dear Frank: (use if the person is a close business contact or friend)
The Reference
• With reference to your advertisement in the Times, (your letter of 23 rd March, )
• (your phone call today,) (Thank you for your letter of March 5th.
The Reason for Writing
I am writing to…
• inquire about
• apologize for
• confirm
Requesting
• Could you possibly?
• I would be grateful if you could
Agreeing to Requests
• I would be delighted to
Giving Bad News
• Unfortunately
• I am afraid that
Enclosing Documents
• I am enclosing
• Please find enclosed
• Enclosed you will find
Closing Remarks
• Thank you for your help
• Please contact us again if we can help in any way.
• there are any problems.
• you have any questions.
Reference to Future Contact
I look forward to...
• hearing from you soon.
• meeting you next Tuesday.
• seeing you next Thursday.
The Finish
Yours faithfully, (If you don't know the name of the person you're writing to)
Yours sincerely, (If you know the name of the person you're writing to)
Best wishes,
Best regards, (If the person is a close business contact or friend)
Sample Letter
Here is a sample letter using some of these forms:
October 11, 2010
Eduardo Coello
Sales Manager
Beef Specialists Inc.
456 Rubble Road
Rockville, IL
Dear Mr. Coello:
With reference to our telephone conversation today, I am writing to confirm your order for: 120 x sirloin Deluxe Ref. No. 856
The order will be shipped within six hours via UPS and should arrive at your store in about 10 hours.
Please contact us again if we can help in any way.
Yours sincerely,
Michael Highlands
Director of Mike’s Beef House
lunes, 4 de junio de 2012
Alp for B06
Dear students,
For your project this month you will ahve to click on the following link:
http://www.literacynet.org/cnnsf/nobel/home.html
Read the story and then do the activities that appear on the left side of the screen
(vocabulary, word selection , multiple choice, etc)
When you finish reading and doing the activities write down some of the words you may have learned with their definitions and write sentences using each one of the new words.
On the same piece of paper, you will write a small composition expressing your opinion about the story to present in class the day of the project.
For your project this month you will ahve to click on the following link:
http://www.literacynet.org/cnnsf/nobel/home.html
Read the story and then do the activities that appear on the left side of the screen
(vocabulary, word selection , multiple choice, etc)
When you finish reading and doing the activities write down some of the words you may have learned with their definitions and write sentences using each one of the new words.
On the same piece of paper, you will write a small composition expressing your opinion about the story to present in class the day of the project.
viernes, 20 de abril de 2012
Advanced grammar III training exam
ADVANCED GRAMMAR III
FINAL EXAM
Choose the correct answer and mark it with an “X”on your answer sheet.
1.- He is saving his money so he ____________ a car.
a.- will buy
b.- buys
c.- would buy
d.- could buy
2.- If Cinthia ___________________ in town, Angel would have come to the party.
a.- had been
b.- has been
c.- could have been
d.- could be
3.- If today _________________ sunny, Alice’d go to the beach.
a.- were
b.- was
c.- would be
d.- is
4.- If Luz _______________ you, please tell her to call me.
a.- call
b.- calls
c.- called
d.- calling
5.- We ____________________ out last night if it hadn't been so late.
a.- couldn't have gone
b.- would have gone
c.- would go
d.- could go
6.- Susana ________________ her hand if she knew the answer.
a.- wouldn't raised
b.- would raise
c.- had raise
d.- has raised
7.- I _________________________ the game if I have time
a.- would watch
b.- will watch
c.- watch
d.- watched
8.- Lucia wishes it ___________________ now
a.- had been raining
b.- had rained
c.- weren't raining
d.- hadn't rain
9.- They wish they _________________ last night's movie.
a.- were seeing
b.- saw it
c.- had seen
d.- saw
10.- I wish I __________________ on vacation now.
a.- had been
b.- was
c.- were
d.- has been
11.- We wish yesterday _________________ a holiday.
a.- was
b.- were
c.- had been
d.- has been
12.- If they ___________________ near here, they would visit you
a.- will live
b.- lived
c.- live
d.- would live
13.- I will go to the movies if there ___________________ a good film on.
a.- were
b.- is
c.- was
d.- will be
14.- He would pass his exams if he __________________ more.
a.- didn't study
b.- studies
c.- studied
d.- don't studied
15.- If you __________________ to do it, I will help you.
a.- aren't able
b.- be able
c.- don't be able
d.- won't be able
16.- If Alice _____________ here , Victor would be happier.
a.- were
b.- was
c.- is
d.- are
17.- ____________ doesn't attend class today, will be dropped from the roll.
a.- whatever
b.- which
c.- whomever
d.- whoever
18.- Eduardo hasn't decided _____________ he wants to work this year.
a.- Whichever
b.- wherever
c.- where
d.- whoever
19.- Do you know ______________ the owner has accepted or not?
a.- whether
b.- whichever
c.- wherever
d.- whoever
20.- Only for Vicky _______________ do such a thing
a.- Jean will
b.- will Jean
c.- Jean could
d.- Jean can
21.- If I _____________to join the club, I _________that form.
a.-will decide - will sign
b.- decide – sign
c.- decide - will sign
d.- decided - will sign
22.- Shesly spares _____________ minutes a day to attend her husband.
a.- a little
b.- a few
c.- little
d.- any
23.- The policeman ordered __________ his car near the hydrant
a.- that Raul park not
b.- that Raul don't park
c.- that Raul not park
d.- that Raul didn't park
24.- Bambi insisted that ________________ about the problem.
a.- something is done
b.- something be done
c.- something done
d.- is something done
25.- _____________ I didn't hear the news, I can't tell you anything.
a.- for
b.- since
c.- like
d.- why
26.- Hardly __________________ the parking lot when the building collapsed.
a.- had we reached
b.- we reached
c.- we had reached
d.- we reach
27.- Emerald hid the girl's letter ___________ Jaime would never find it.
a.- Whichever
b.- when
c.- then
d.- where
28.- Andrea has ______________ relatives here.
a.- any
b.- no
c.- not
d.- little
29.- I don't know _____________ to say. It was a mistake.
a.- that
b.- when
c.- what
d.- if
30.- Xiomara will talk to Luis the moment ______________
a.-he comes
b.- he will come
c.- he's coming
d.- he come
31.- The more he talked ___________________ he became
a.- the most exasperated
b.- the more exasperated
c.- the worst exasperated
d.- the worse exasperated
32.- Immediately after the accident, he barely __________________
a.- didn't feel the pain
b.- felt the pain
c.- didn't felt the pain
d.- feel the pain
33.- The moment he ____________ the truth, he will tell you.
a.- have learned
b.- learns
c.- learned
d.- learn
34.- Turn off the lights before ________________the room.
a.- leave
b.- leaving
c.- to leave
d.- left
35.- Why didn't you do it _______________ told you?
a.- as I
b.- I like
c.- like I
d.- for I
36.- I would do it if ______________
a.- I could
b.- I can
c.- I was you
d.- I should
37.- If his car isn't in the parking lot, he ______already _______________.
a..- has – left
b.- had – left
c.- have - left
d.- has - leaved
38.- Don't do that again, _________________?
a.- will you
b.- don't you
c.- do you
d.- won't you
39.- In spite of ______________Michael came to class.
a.- he had a cold
b.- have a cold
c.- having a cold
d.- that he has a cold
40 - _________________ he studied hard, he didn't pass the course.
a.- In spite of
b.- in spite of the fact that
c.- despite
d.- despite the fact of
41.- That was so an interesting topic that we couldn't stop talking about it.
a.- so
b.-
c.- so a
d.- such an
42.- They went downtown ,so they ______________the parade
a.- saw
b.- could saw
c.- would saw
d.- see
43.- Never _________ an excuse as poor as Cinthia’s
a.- I heard
b.- I have heard
c.- I had heard
d.- have I heard
44.- A dividend is ________ the only benefit a corporation can offer its shareholders.
a.- no
b.- not
c.- any
d.- nor
45.- The year 1732 saw the first appearance of "Poor Richard’s Almanac” _________
Benjamin Franklin created the character of "Poor Richard".
a.- there
b.- which in
c.- in which
d.- in it
46.- _____________ born, a baby kangaroo measures less than three inches in length
a.- when is one
b.- one is
c.- when it is
d.- when is it
47.- Urban sprawl occurred wherever the population expanded rapidly and ________________ no comprehensive plans for dealing with the situation.
a.- were there where
b.- where were there
c.- where there were
d.- were where there
48.- The belief ___________ a person gets what he or she deserves is widely spread.
a.- that
b.- for
c.- what
d.- since
49.- People in every part of the world now readily and easily communicate ________of electronic mail
b.- for b.- to c.- by means d.- means
II.- Find the mistake. One of the four underlined phrases or words marked a, b, c, or d
is incorrect. Find it and mark it.
50.- They have everything (a)ready for the (b)wedding ceremony. Unless Axel (c)will not find a priest, he will(d)marry Vicky next Sunday.
51.- How many pairs of shoes are you planning to (a)try on?
I’m(b) getting tired of (c)waiting you for, and (d)so is Erika.
52. - Bambi (a)thought his parents (b)had (c)forgotten about his birthday, but actually they (d)didn’t.
53.- David Alberto knows he should (a)get rid the junk he’s (b)put away in the attic, but he (c)doesn’t want to (d)part with it.
54.- Jaime found it easy to (a)cut down (b)on coffee and (c)give up smoking, but Luis (d)hadn’t
55.- Educators have (a)found out that many children (b)aren’t familiar with their country’s history, and (c)neither (d)do their parents.
MSR/mbs
FINAL EXAM
Choose the correct answer and mark it with an “X”on your answer sheet.
1.- He is saving his money so he ____________ a car.
a.- will buy
b.- buys
c.- would buy
d.- could buy
2.- If Cinthia ___________________ in town, Angel would have come to the party.
a.- had been
b.- has been
c.- could have been
d.- could be
3.- If today _________________ sunny, Alice’d go to the beach.
a.- were
b.- was
c.- would be
d.- is
4.- If Luz _______________ you, please tell her to call me.
a.- call
b.- calls
c.- called
d.- calling
5.- We ____________________ out last night if it hadn't been so late.
a.- couldn't have gone
b.- would have gone
c.- would go
d.- could go
6.- Susana ________________ her hand if she knew the answer.
a.- wouldn't raised
b.- would raise
c.- had raise
d.- has raised
7.- I _________________________ the game if I have time
a.- would watch
b.- will watch
c.- watch
d.- watched
8.- Lucia wishes it ___________________ now
a.- had been raining
b.- had rained
c.- weren't raining
d.- hadn't rain
9.- They wish they _________________ last night's movie.
a.- were seeing
b.- saw it
c.- had seen
d.- saw
10.- I wish I __________________ on vacation now.
a.- had been
b.- was
c.- were
d.- has been
11.- We wish yesterday _________________ a holiday.
a.- was
b.- were
c.- had been
d.- has been
12.- If they ___________________ near here, they would visit you
a.- will live
b.- lived
c.- live
d.- would live
13.- I will go to the movies if there ___________________ a good film on.
a.- were
b.- is
c.- was
d.- will be
14.- He would pass his exams if he __________________ more.
a.- didn't study
b.- studies
c.- studied
d.- don't studied
15.- If you __________________ to do it, I will help you.
a.- aren't able
b.- be able
c.- don't be able
d.- won't be able
16.- If Alice _____________ here , Victor would be happier.
a.- were
b.- was
c.- is
d.- are
17.- ____________ doesn't attend class today, will be dropped from the roll.
a.- whatever
b.- which
c.- whomever
d.- whoever
18.- Eduardo hasn't decided _____________ he wants to work this year.
a.- Whichever
b.- wherever
c.- where
d.- whoever
19.- Do you know ______________ the owner has accepted or not?
a.- whether
b.- whichever
c.- wherever
d.- whoever
20.- Only for Vicky _______________ do such a thing
a.- Jean will
b.- will Jean
c.- Jean could
d.- Jean can
21.- If I _____________to join the club, I _________that form.
a.-will decide - will sign
b.- decide – sign
c.- decide - will sign
d.- decided - will sign
22.- Shesly spares _____________ minutes a day to attend her husband.
a.- a little
b.- a few
c.- little
d.- any
23.- The policeman ordered __________ his car near the hydrant
a.- that Raul park not
b.- that Raul don't park
c.- that Raul not park
d.- that Raul didn't park
24.- Bambi insisted that ________________ about the problem.
a.- something is done
b.- something be done
c.- something done
d.- is something done
25.- _____________ I didn't hear the news, I can't tell you anything.
a.- for
b.- since
c.- like
d.- why
26.- Hardly __________________ the parking lot when the building collapsed.
a.- had we reached
b.- we reached
c.- we had reached
d.- we reach
27.- Emerald hid the girl's letter ___________ Jaime would never find it.
a.- Whichever
b.- when
c.- then
d.- where
28.- Andrea has ______________ relatives here.
a.- any
b.- no
c.- not
d.- little
29.- I don't know _____________ to say. It was a mistake.
a.- that
b.- when
c.- what
d.- if
30.- Xiomara will talk to Luis the moment ______________
a.-he comes
b.- he will come
c.- he's coming
d.- he come
31.- The more he talked ___________________ he became
a.- the most exasperated
b.- the more exasperated
c.- the worst exasperated
d.- the worse exasperated
32.- Immediately after the accident, he barely __________________
a.- didn't feel the pain
b.- felt the pain
c.- didn't felt the pain
d.- feel the pain
33.- The moment he ____________ the truth, he will tell you.
a.- have learned
b.- learns
c.- learned
d.- learn
34.- Turn off the lights before ________________the room.
a.- leave
b.- leaving
c.- to leave
d.- left
35.- Why didn't you do it _______________ told you?
a.- as I
b.- I like
c.- like I
d.- for I
36.- I would do it if ______________
a.- I could
b.- I can
c.- I was you
d.- I should
37.- If his car isn't in the parking lot, he ______already _______________.
a..- has – left
b.- had – left
c.- have - left
d.- has - leaved
38.- Don't do that again, _________________?
a.- will you
b.- don't you
c.- do you
d.- won't you
39.- In spite of ______________Michael came to class.
a.- he had a cold
b.- have a cold
c.- having a cold
d.- that he has a cold
40 - _________________ he studied hard, he didn't pass the course.
a.- In spite of
b.- in spite of the fact that
c.- despite
d.- despite the fact of
41.- That was so an interesting topic that we couldn't stop talking about it.
a.- so
b.-
c.- so a
d.- such an
42.- They went downtown ,so they ______________the parade
a.- saw
b.- could saw
c.- would saw
d.- see
43.- Never _________ an excuse as poor as Cinthia’s
a.- I heard
b.- I have heard
c.- I had heard
d.- have I heard
44.- A dividend is ________ the only benefit a corporation can offer its shareholders.
a.- no
b.- not
c.- any
d.- nor
45.- The year 1732 saw the first appearance of "Poor Richard’s Almanac” _________
Benjamin Franklin created the character of "Poor Richard".
a.- there
b.- which in
c.- in which
d.- in it
46.- _____________ born, a baby kangaroo measures less than three inches in length
a.- when is one
b.- one is
c.- when it is
d.- when is it
47.- Urban sprawl occurred wherever the population expanded rapidly and ________________ no comprehensive plans for dealing with the situation.
a.- were there where
b.- where were there
c.- where there were
d.- were where there
48.- The belief ___________ a person gets what he or she deserves is widely spread.
a.- that
b.- for
c.- what
d.- since
49.- People in every part of the world now readily and easily communicate ________of electronic mail
b.- for b.- to c.- by means d.- means
II.- Find the mistake. One of the four underlined phrases or words marked a, b, c, or d
is incorrect. Find it and mark it.
50.- They have everything (a)ready for the (b)wedding ceremony. Unless Axel (c)will not find a priest, he will(d)marry Vicky next Sunday.
51.- How many pairs of shoes are you planning to (a)try on?
I’m(b) getting tired of (c)waiting you for, and (d)so is Erika.
52. - Bambi (a)thought his parents (b)had (c)forgotten about his birthday, but actually they (d)didn’t.
53.- David Alberto knows he should (a)get rid the junk he’s (b)put away in the attic, but he (c)doesn’t want to (d)part with it.
54.- Jaime found it easy to (a)cut down (b)on coffee and (c)give up smoking, but Luis (d)hadn’t
55.- Educators have (a)found out that many children (b)aren’t familiar with their country’s history, and (c)neither (d)do their parents.
MSR/mbs
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