The passive voice is used when we focus on the person or thing affected by an action.
The Passive structure in affirmative sentences is:
The Passive structure in affirmative sentences is:
Passive Subject + Be + Past Participle
E.g.:
Active: Anais writes 45 letters everyday
Passive: 45letters are written everyday.
To change an active voice sentence to the passive first we have to look for the object of the verb in the active sentence. This object becomes the passive subject in the passive voice sentence. (45 letters).
After that we have to check what tense the active sentence is.
In this case, the tense is present so, we have to add a verb Be in present to the passive voice sentence that agrees with the passive subject (are).
Then, we change the main verb of the active voice sentence into its past participle.
For Example: We have produced over 20 different models in the past two years.
Changes to: Over 20 different models have been produced in the past two years.
If the agent (the performer of the action) is important, use "by"
For Example: Tim Wilson wrote "The Flight to Brunnswick" in 1987.
Changes to:” The Flight to Brunnswick" was written in 1987 by Tim Wilson.
Only verbs that take an object can be used in the passive.
The following chart includes sentences changed from the active to the passive in the principal tenses.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Present Simple
Active: They make Fords in Cologne.
Active: They make Fords in Cologne.
Passive: Fords are made in Cologne.
____________________________________________________________________ Present continuous
Active: Susan is cooking dinner.
Active: Susan is cooking dinner.
Passive: Dinner is being cooked by Susan.
____________________________________________________________________ Past Simple
Active: James Joyce wrote "Dubliners".
Active: James Joyce wrote "Dubliners".
Passive: "Dubliners" was written by James Joyce.
____________________________________________________________________
Past ContinuousActive: They were painting the house when I arrived.
Passive: The house was being painted when I arrived.
____________________________________________________________________
Present Perfect
Active: They have produced over 20 models in the past two years.
Passive: Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Future Intention with Going to
Active: They are going to build a new factory in Portland.
Passive: A new factory is going to be built in Portland.
____________________________________________________________________ Future Simple
Active: I will finish it tomorrow.
Active: I will finish it tomorrow.
Passive: It will be finished tomorrow. ____________________________________________________________________
Active to Passive Transformations
Put the following sentences into the passive voice or form. Remember that the agent should not be used unless important. For more information about how to use the passive voice, refer to this passive voice usage chart.
1.- They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes _____________________________________________________ in that factory.
2.- People must not leave bicycles in the driveway.
Bicycles _________________________________________________ in the driveway.
3.- They built that skyscraper in 1934.
That skyscraper _________________________________________________ in 1934.
4.- The students will finish the course by July.
The course ______________________________________________________ by July.
5.- They are repairing the streets this month.
The streets ___________________________________________________ this month.
6.- They make these tools of plastic.
These tools ___________________________________________________ of plastic.
7.- They have finished the new product design.
The new product design _______________________________________________ .
8.- They were cooking dinner when I arrived.
Dinner _________________________________________________ when I arrived.
9.- Smithers painted 'Red Sunset' in 1986.
'Red Sunset' __________________________________________ in 1986 by Smithers.
10.- Did the plan interest you?
____________________________________________________________ in the plan?
11.- They had finished the preparations by the time the guests arrived.
The preparations ________________________________ by the time the guests arrived.
12.- You should take care when working on electrical equipment.
Care __________________________________ when working on electrical equipment.
13.- They are going to perform Beethoven's Fifth Symphony next weekend.
Beethoven's Fifth Symphony ________________________________________ next weekend.
14.- Someone will speak Japanese at the meeting.
Japanese _________________________________________________ at the meeting.
15.- Karen is going to prepare the refreshments.
The refreshments _____________________________________________ by Karen.
Put the following sentences into the passive voice or form. Remember that the agent should not be used unless important. For more information about how to use the passive voice, refer to this passive voice usage chart.
1.- They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes _____________________________________________________ in that factory.
2.- People must not leave bicycles in the driveway.
Bicycles _________________________________________________ in the driveway.
3.- They built that skyscraper in 1934.
That skyscraper _________________________________________________ in 1934.
4.- The students will finish the course by July.
The course ______________________________________________________ by July.
5.- They are repairing the streets this month.
The streets ___________________________________________________ this month.
6.- They make these tools of plastic.
These tools ___________________________________________________ of plastic.
7.- They have finished the new product design.
The new product design _______________________________________________ .
8.- They were cooking dinner when I arrived.
Dinner _________________________________________________ when I arrived.
9.- Smithers painted 'Red Sunset' in 1986.
'Red Sunset' __________________________________________ in 1986 by Smithers.
10.- Did the plan interest you?
____________________________________________________________ in the plan?
11.- They had finished the preparations by the time the guests arrived.
The preparations ________________________________ by the time the guests arrived.
12.- You should take care when working on electrical equipment.
Care __________________________________ when working on electrical equipment.
13.- They are going to perform Beethoven's Fifth Symphony next weekend.
Beethoven's Fifth Symphony ________________________________________ next weekend.
14.- Someone will speak Japanese at the meeting.
Japanese _________________________________________________ at the meeting.
15.- Karen is going to prepare the refreshments.
The refreshments _____________________________________________ by Karen.
Passive to Active Transformations
Take the following sentences in the passive voice and put them into the active voice.
1.- The instructions have been changed.
Someone _______________________________________________ the instructions.
2.- She will have to be taught.
Someone _________________________________________________________ her.
3.- This car was manufactured in Japan by Toyota.
Toyota ________________________________________________ this car in Japan.
4.- Why aren't the exercises being finished on time?
Why ______________________________________________the exercises on time?
5.- Last year 2,000 new units had been produced by the time we introduced the new design.
We __________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6.- Casual clothes must not be worn.
You __________________________________________________________________
7.- $400,000 in profit has been reported this year.
The company __________________________________________________________
8.- The test will be given at five o'clock this afternoon.
The school _____________________________________________________________
9.- Students are required to wear uniforms at all times.
The school _____________________________________________________________
10.- This rumor must have been started by our competitors.
Our competitors ________________________________________________________
11.- All work will have been completed by five o'clock this evening.
You __________________________________________________________________
12.- We were told to wait here.
Someone ______________________________________________________________
13.- Lunch was being served when we arrived.
They _________________________________________________________________
14.- Lectures are recorded and posted on the Internet.
They _________________________________________________________________
15.-Portuguese has always been spoken in this village.
People in this village _____________________________________________________
MSR/mbs
Take the following sentences in the passive voice and put them into the active voice.
1.- The instructions have been changed.
Someone _______________________________________________ the instructions.
2.- She will have to be taught.
Someone _________________________________________________________ her.
3.- This car was manufactured in Japan by Toyota.
Toyota ________________________________________________ this car in Japan.
4.- Why aren't the exercises being finished on time?
Why ______________________________________________the exercises on time?
5.- Last year 2,000 new units had been produced by the time we introduced the new design.
We __________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6.- Casual clothes must not be worn.
You __________________________________________________________________
7.- $400,000 in profit has been reported this year.
The company __________________________________________________________
8.- The test will be given at five o'clock this afternoon.
The school _____________________________________________________________
9.- Students are required to wear uniforms at all times.
The school _____________________________________________________________
10.- This rumor must have been started by our competitors.
Our competitors ________________________________________________________
11.- All work will have been completed by five o'clock this evening.
You __________________________________________________________________
12.- We were told to wait here.
Someone ______________________________________________________________
13.- Lunch was being served when we arrived.
They _________________________________________________________________
14.- Lectures are recorded and posted on the Internet.
They _________________________________________________________________
15.-Portuguese has always been spoken in this village.
People in this village _____________________________________________________
MSR/mbs
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